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Using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - demanding methods to bridge the critical phase of cardiopulmonary failure
VAŠURA, Ondřej
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a demanding method, which is used in critically ill patients and whose use raises a number of controversies, such as: How far can we go in intensive care? Is it right to torment the patient? When to disconnect an infaust patient? and many others. But this bachelor thesis doesn't address these issues,it's just something to think about. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with what ECMO is, how it can be divided, how it works and what the indications and contraindications are. It also discusses the history associated with ECMO, the ECMO circuit, nursing care and everything related to it, including nursing competences, monitoring and anticoagulation. It also focuses on complications that occur in connection with ECMO and also with the patient, the way weaning works and the disconnection of the patient from ECMO occurs. The research part was made using a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews, which I then divided into 8 categories. The research sample consisted of 7 respondents, 3 from the General University Hospital in Prague and 4 from the Hospital in České Budějovice. I set the following goal - To find out the quality of life after using ECMO in a critically ill patient. On the basis of this objective, I set myself two research questions. The first research question is: "How often is ECMO used in critically ill patients?". The second research question is: "What is the success rate of returning patients to families?" Research has shown that the exact quality of life cannot be ascertained in this way. In general, the patient's quality of life after disconnection from ECMO is dependent on the recovery rate of the damaged organs (heart and/or lung). The higher the rate of recovery of damaged organs, the higher the patient's quality of life will also be. However,it depends on many factors, which are further mentioned in this thesis.
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Interventions of Nurses in Relation to the Prevention of Sleep Deprivation of Patients Hospitalized at the Intensive
Růžičková, Martina ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Vaňková, Milena (referee)
There are many studies about problematic of sleep connected with shift work. However, only few studies devoted to the conditions for good rest and sleep in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Insufficient or poor quality sleep and relaxation are the most common problems reported by patients that were hospitalized at intensive care units (ICU). Sleep is one of the basic biological needs of human. Sleep deficit can lead to psychical and psychological dysfunction that can affect the healing process. The diploma thesis is dealing with sleeping issues of patients hospitalized especially at intensive care units. The aim of the study is to determining the opinions of nurses that work at intensive care units on meeting the needs relating with sleep and rest of hospitalized patients and mapping, what interventions they use to prevent of occurrence of difficulties in this area. The theoretical part at first describes physiology of sleep and biological rhythms, then sleep disorders, then factors affecting sleep along with the consequences of the lack of sleep and last nursing process for patients with sleep disorder. The empirical part presents the results of questionnaire survey and then results of executed statistical analysis. Established hypothesis not have been assumed in results of survey...
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